Arzlan Abbas

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The authors have nothing to report. References , , , et al. 2024. “Unraveling Insect Feeding Patterns and Their Ecological Impacts on Plant Defense Mechanisms.” Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 132: 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-024-01002. , , , et al. 2025.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description eea13537-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 25.9 KB Table S1. The formulae of the nutritional indices calculated for Spodoptera litura feeding on artificial diet and/or tobacco. Table S2. Mean effects of nutritional response on Spodoptera litura third instars. Table S3. Mean effects of nutritional response on Spodoptera litura fourth instars. Table S4.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT Authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest. REFERENCES (2000). The ecological significance of toxic nectar. Oikos, 91(3), 409–420. , & (1982). The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on honeydew production by the cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum. Annals of Applied Biology, 100(2), 203–212. (2023). The peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae): Ecology and management (Vol. 1, p. 132). CRC Press.