Ashanti Mampong

Abstract Tamale’s position as a rapidly transforming area presents some merits and challenges including spatial developments and rising demand for safe water respectively. Groundwater remains a primary source of drinking water in many low-resource settings; however, its safety is often compromised by microbial contamination. This study assessed groundwater microbial quality, sanitary characteristics and E. coli infection risk amidst rising urbanisation in the metropolis.