Ashtha Gurung

1 Introduction Large proportions of global biodiversity are found within tropical rainforests, making these regions biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. 2000; Holland 2012; Lyra et al. 2017). Up to now, more than 30%–50% of the world's tropical forests have been cut down, and the remaining forests are heavily affected by large-scale land use changes such as agricultural expansion, settlements, the construction of hydropower plants, or mining projects (Wright and Muller-Landau 2006; Gibbs et al.