Over the past decade, India has built an interoperable, open-source digital public infrastructure (DPI) that is operational at population scale. The key building blocks, commonly known as the “India Stack” include issuing the digital ID (Aadhaar), accelerating financial inclusion (Jan Dhan), enabling digital payments (Unified Payments Interface – UPI), transforming health, education and skill development, and envisioning an open network for future urban mobility and digital commerce.