Austin Graybeal

1 Introduction Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk for systemic inflammation, hypertension, type II diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality (Chait and den Hartigh 2020; Price et al. 2006). While abdominal obesity itself presents an increased risk for several metabolic abnormalities, conventional models of abdominal adiposity demonstrate that specific body fat (BF) distribution patterns, which vary by sex, differentially impact disease.

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All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.