Avishek Bhuniya

Introduction Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic immune aggregates that form at sites of chronic inflammation such as cancer (1). By definition, TLS are tight clusters of lymphoid cells that can organize in distinct B and T cell compartments, thus resembling secondary lymphoid organs. B cell-rich areas of these structures can contain evidence of B cell class switching, actively proliferating B cells in germinal centers (GCs) as well as follicular dendritic cells (FDCs).

Xinlei Zou†, Canghai Guan†, Jianjun Gao, Wujiang Shi, Yunfu Cui and Xiangyu Zhong* Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China Pancreatic cancer (PC) is extremely malignant and shows limited response to available immunotherapies due to the hypoxic and immunosuppressive nature of its tumor microenvironment (TME).