Aviv Goldbart

Abstract Most studies in children using questionnaires or home polygraphy indicate that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a significant risk factor for insomnia, snoring, and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB); however, objective polysomnographic evidence in suspected SDB is limited. We prospectively assessed ETS–sleep associations using urinary cotinine and overnight polysomnography in 30 children (mean age 5.8 ± 2.4 years; range 1–12; 73% boys) referred for SDB.

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1, , , , and , “Inborn Errors of IL-6 Family Cytokine Responses,” Current Opinion in Immunology 72 (2021): 135–145. 2, , , et al., “Defining the Biological Responses of IL-6 by the Study of a Novel IL-6 Receptor Chain Immunodeficiency,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 145, no. 3 (March 2020): 1011–1015.e6.

1 Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a viral infection that commonly affects young children, causing inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs [1]. It is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants and young children [2, 3]. Previous studies have shown that children who experience severe RSV bronchiolitis in the first year of life may be at increased risk for developing asthma later in life [4-6].