Babul Hossain

ABSTRACT Post-flood recovery remains a critical yet understudied phase of disaster management, particularly in geographically isolated and socioeconomically marginalised regions. The riverine islands (chars) of Bangladesh experience recurring flood disasters that cause significant disruption, yet recovery efforts often fall short in addressing long-term needs and vulnerabilities.

Gendered Health Risks across the North–South Gradient Family-based financial support has traditionally been central to old-age care in India. Given the gendered and spatial experiences of ageing, it is important to identify groups of older adults who are more vulnerable to adverse health outcomes when such financial support is absent.

1. Introduction The world is currently facing an unprecedented increase in natural disasters, predominantly attributed to the escalating effects of climate change [1]. Increases in global temperatures, changes to regional and local precipitation patterns, increases in sea levels rising along coastlines, and the number of extreme weather events are some examples that illustrate climate change [2,3]. This trend has huge effects on people and their way of life [4].