Baofang Jin

Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent male sexual disorder frequently coexisting with cardiometabolic diseases. Although phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors remain the first-line therapy, limited efficacy or safety concerns in some patients highlight the need for alternative approaches. Emerging evidence demonstrates that endocrine abnormalities—including dysregulation of testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, and thyroid hormones—play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of ED.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Colonnello et al. for their insightful and encouraging commentary on our article, “Pre-spermatorrhea state: a novel therapeutic paradigm for the management of non-organic delayed ejaculation and anejaculation” [1].