Baojuan Li

Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is highly heterogeneous, limiting treatment efficacy. Despite efforts to delineate patient heterogeneity through subtyping, current approaches remain limited by noise, lack of clinical applicability, and insufficient external validation. Crucially, they focus on subtyping while neglecting staging information (e.g., illness duration). We developed BrainCVAE, a contrastive variational autoencoder, to disentangle MDD-specific neural features.

Introduction Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a highly prevalent genetic generalized epilepsy syndrome, which accounts for up to 10% of all epilepsy cases (Camfield et al., 2013; Scheffer et al., 2017). JME is a common type of idiopathic generalized epilepsy that occurs mostly in people aged 12–18 years, and it accounts for 8–10% of the prevalence in the epileptic population.

Introduction Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have substantial overlap in genetic vulnerability (The International Schizophrenia Consortium, Purcell et al., 2009; Network and Pathway Analysis Subgroup of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, 2015), brain structural abnormalities (Goodkind et al., 2015), symptomatology, and cognitive deficits (Tamminga et al., 2013), suggesting a common neurobiological mechanism underlying the two psychiatric conditions.