Barani Kumar Rajendran

Abstract CD8+ T cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Better understanding of their regulation could advance cancer immunotherapies. Here we identify, via stepwise CRISPR-based screening, that CUL5 is a negative regulator of the core signaling pathways of CD8+ T cells. Knocking out CUL5 in mouse CD8+ T cells significantly improves their tumor growth inhibiting ability, with significant proteomic alterations that broadly enhance TCR and cytokine signaling and their effector functions.

Introduction Dogs were domesticated more than 10,000 years ago in southern East Asia (1–4). Since then, humans and dogs have co-evolved in a shared living environment, exposed to the same pathological and dietary conditions (5). Dogs have undergone unique evolutionary changes through selective breeding, resulting in a diverse range of breeds with variations in their morphology, physiology, and behavior.

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and will be the primary leading cause of cancer-related mortality for women in the future (1, 2). Imaging and clinicopathological information are the traditional methods for diagnosis and prognosis assessment (3). However, those evaluations could not reflect the BC condition in real time. Thus, it is difficult to assign optimal treatments (4, 5).