Barbara Bertoglio

Thermal exposure induces marked changes in GSR morphology, size, and elemental composition. At 1000°C, characteristic GSR (Pb-Ba-Sb) is absent; IGSR persists as bi- or monometallic Ba particles. Lead exhibits the greatest thermal sensitivity among GSR elements due to its low melting point. 1 INTRODUCTION Gunshot residue (GSR) analysis is a well-established tool in forensic casework, supporting the reconstruction of firearm-related events.

Systematic scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) analysis reveals both primary and secondary touch transfer of metal particles. Plastic retains more metal particles than skin or glass, depending on the recipient surface. Rough metal items yield greater secondary transfer of particles than smooth-surfaced items. Particle distribution and aggregation vary with object features and the specific type of contact.

Cremains weights for a recent Italian sample were examined. Biological and anthropological variables were included in the analyses. Comparisons with literature data suggest a geographical weight variation. 1 INTRODUCTION Burned human remains represent one of the most challenging materials for anthropological analysis.