Barbara Nevicka

?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. ABSTRACT Due to the high demands of doctoral education, concerns have been raised about PhD students’ well-being.

1 INTRODUCTION Feeling loved by one's parents is critical for children's health and well-being (Brummelman et al., 2015; Deci & Ryan, 2000; Dweck, 2017; Harlow, 1958). When children feel loved by their parents, they experience a warm, caring, and supportive relationship with their parents, and they notice the physical, verbal, and symbolic behaviors that parents use to express their fondness of them (Feldman, 2017; Rohner, 2004). How can parents make children feel more loved by them in the moment?

Some leaders display high levels of narcissism (Sedikides & Campbell, 2017). Despite their charisma, such leaders may tend to hurt their groups by stifling collaboration (Nevicka, Ten Velden, De Hoogh, & Van Vianen, 2011), derogating other people (Grapsas, Brummelman, Back, & Denissen, 2020), and behaving unethically (O’Reilly, Doerr, & Chatman, 2018; Watts et al., 2013). Unfortunately, it is unknown how narcissism levels are related to leadership in childhood.