Barış Çıvak

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the emerging phenomenon of doom spending in the literature. Specifically, it examines ‘doom spending’ in the context of travel, tourism, and entertainment. Doom spending refers to consumption behaviours shaped by economic uncertainty and pessimism about the future, leading individuals to prioritise short-term experiential consumption over saving. This study adopts an exploratory qualitative approach.

1 Introduction It has long been recognized that tour guides play various roles such as “information-giver”, “teacher or instructor”, “motivator”, “ambassador”, and “entertainer” (Holloway 1981; Zhu and Xu 2021). Tour guides often interpret the environment (Ap and Wong 2001) and help destinations, attractions, businesses, and host communities due to their translator role (Hu and Wall 2013).