Bart Torensma

ArticlesVolume 97104068Open access Affiliations & Notes aDepartment of Surgery, Alexandria Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt bBariatric Surgery, Madina Women’s Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt cErasmus MC, Clinical Epidemiology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands dUpper GI and Liver Surgery Unit B, Department of Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt eThe Research Papyrus Lab, Alexandria, Egypt fAl-Basheer-Hospital, Amman, Jordan gCapital University, Cairo,...

Author Contributions M.C.T.T.G. led the research, screened the articles, performed data extraction and analysis, and guided the writing of the manuscript. Together with B.T., she performed the risk of bias assessment. B.T. also performed data extraction and analysis and made noteworthy contributions to writing the final manuscript. S.v.A. screened the articles and contributed the risk of bias assessment and contributed to the final article according to her expertise.

1 INTRODUCTION Bariatric-metabolic surgery generally results in long-term weight loss, improved associated medical problems such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and sleep apnea, and better quality of life (QoL).1-4 However, there is notable variability in postoperative weight loss among patients.5-7 It is estimated that approximately 10%–15% of patients experience suboptimal weight loss (percentage total weight loss [%TWL] < 20% 1 year after surgery), which may be considered an...