Bekindaka Ngemani

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 13 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1683257 Introduction Sexually transmitted infections, which comprise a variety of clinical syndromes that can be contracted and spread through sexual activity, are of great public health importance. Viral, bacterial, or parasitic organisms that cause STIs can spread from person to person by vaginal fluids, semen, or blood. It is estimated that over 1 million STIs are contracted every day (1).

Abstract : Malaria and HIV are geographically in the tropics and subtropics of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the overlapping effect of both infections, especially among pregnant women, is crucial in managing pregnant women during antenatal care visits, and postpartum babies. It was realized that the prevalence of malaria among HIV-positive pregnant women ranges between 31–61%, while for non-HIV infected pregnant women the prevalence still stands between 10 and 36%.