Bhim Sain Singla

, , and , “Optimizing Workflow Scheduling in Cloud-Fog Computing: An Improved Approach,” Software: Practice and Experience (2026): 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.70086. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The research described in the article did not use any data. References 1 and , “The Fog Cloud of Things: A Survey on Concepts, Architecture, Standards, Tools, and Applications,” Internet of Things 9, no.

Abstract Digital images have progressed significantly in many areas but various types of noise still exist in real-world images such as Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, Salt-and-pepper noise so on. Although image denoising plays an important role to remove noise from images by using many techniques to preserve the important feature of an image but faces the problem of computational complexity, over smoothing.