Bilge Armatlı Köroğlu

1 Introduction There is a long-standing literature on innovation, which argues that innovation positively impacts economic growth, success, and resilience (Romer 1986; Lee, Florida, and Gates 2010; Tödtling and Trippl 2005). Although the definition and measurement of innovation have changed since the late 1980s, the innovate-or-die sentiment remains valid today, both in theory and in policy development and implementation (Freeman 1982, 1987; Freel and Robson 2004).