Bing Hiong Ngu

1 Introduction Many mathematics teachers rely heavily on textbooks to plan their lessons (Ding et al. 2013), making the presentation of instructional materials in these textbooks highly influential (Mayer et al. 1995; Murata 2008). Teachers also frequently use online resources to supplement their instructional materials (Remillard et al. 2021). In relation to teaching the multiplication of a fraction by a whole number (e.g., 4 21 × 7 $$ \frac{4}{21}\times 7 $$ ), Vincent et al.

Supporting Information References ACU and Erebus International. 2008. Scoping Study Into Approaches to Student Wellbeing: Literature Review. Report to the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Australian Catholic University. 2020. “School Learning Climate in the Lens of Parental Involvement and School Leadership: Lessons for Inclusiveness Among Public Schools.” Smart Learning Environments 7, no. 1: 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00139-2. , and . 2011.

The equation approach The equation approach is analogous to the algebra approach of learning, highlighting the integration of relevant information (i.e., “monthly income”, 8%, $350) to form an equation (Hegarty et al., 1995), and solve for the variable () (Table 1).