Blacktown Cancer

1 Introduction Cranial-spinal radiation therapy (CSI) remains a key curative component of treatment for many paediatric central nervous system (CNS) cancers including medulloblastoma, CNS embryonal tumours and disseminated CNS [1]. In 2022, there were 119 cases of brain and other central nervous system cancers in children aged 0–14 years in Australia [2]. CSI is a complex and lengthy form of radiation therapy treatment that requires irradiation of the whole brain and spinal cord [3].

1 Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80%–90% of cases [1, 2]. Most patients present with advanced or metastatic disease [3], and 10%–30% of patients will have brain metastases (BM) at diagnosis or over the course of their disease [4, 5]. Despite improvement in diagnostic imaging and treatment advances, the presence of BM often indicates a poor prognosis [6].

1 INTRODUCTION Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogenous group of histologically confirmed metastatic cancers where the primary site remains elusive despite appropriate clinical investigations.1 Diagnostic advances have resulted in declining CUP incidence. CUP previously accounted for 3%–5% of all malignancies, with rates falling to 1%–2% over the last several decades.2, 3 Diagnostic improvements, however have not yet manifested in a survival advantage.