Bohdana Chayen

Abstract Introduction: Metastatic or locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is not amenable to local therapy is treated with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Although response rates are relatively high, there are no validated predictive biomarkers to guide treatment. As a result, a subset of patients — particularly frail and elderly patients which can be treated with local palliative therapy — are exposed to immune-related adverse events without clinical benefit.