Boseung Choi

Abstract Epidemiological parameters such as the reproduction number, latent period, and infectious period provide crucial information about the spread of infectious diseases and directly inform intervention strategies. These parameters have generally been estimated by mathematical models that involve an unrealistic assumption of history-independent dynamics for simplicity.

1. Introduction In the field of nanomedicine, lipid-based nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive properties and their potential for various applications in drug delivery [1,2]. Researchers have developed multiple types of lipid-based nanoparticles, each offering unique advantages and properties (). Micelles, on the other hand, are self-assemblies of lipid monolayers in aqueous solutions, forming structures with a hydrophobic core [3].