Brendan Randall

INTRODUCTION Soybeans (Glycine max L.) are an important crop in the United States (US). In the last 5 years, farmers have harvested an average of 85 million acres (344,000 km2) of soy, valued at $52 billion, each year (United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2025b).

MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the effects of altered macronutrient ratios on cannibalistic behaviour and mortality, we conducted a two-choice diet preference bioassay at Michigan State University's Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI, USA. We used a common generalist agricultural pest, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Shorey et al., 1962), as our focal species.

As well as looking to identify and remove counterfeit product from the market place, Back Four are dedicated to reducing demand for fake product, by educating consumers about the harms of counterfeiting and how to differentiate between fakes and the real thing. If you took part in our latest competition, you’ll have had some fun guessing the real products from the fakes but also learning how deceiving some fakes can be.