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This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here. BACKGROUND Cardiac arrhythmias such as sinus rhythm (SR) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are most often diagnosed using the gold-standard 12-lead ECG, however it can only be used in clinics and hospitals. This is where newer technologies such as digital health devices excel, since they are ultra-portable devices that are user-operated and offer the ability to record ECGs regardless of location.

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The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family, and has three isoforms: retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) and retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG).