Caifang Wang

1 Introduction Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive decline in physiological functions across multiple organ systems, leading to increased susceptibility to diseases and mortality (Guo et al. 2022; Lopez-Otin et al. 2023). Skeletal muscle, the largest tissue by mass in the human body, plays essential roles in posture, movement, respiration, and metabolism (Handschin et al. 2007; Merz and Thurmond 2020).