Candemir Ozcan

1 Introduction Intraocular pressure (IOP) results from the equilibrium between the production and drainage of aqueous humour in the eye. The central nervous system efficiently maintains IOP by sustaining an ideal equilibrium between the production and drainage of aqueous humour (Okur et al. 2023). Increased IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma prevention, with fluctuations in IOP being closely and significantly linked to variations in blood pressure (BP) (Nirmala et al. 2014).

AG attached gingiva AM alveolar mucosa FG free gingiva GI gingival index 1 Introduction Gingivitis, the initial stage of periodontal disease, is often reversible through regular brushing (Enlund et al. 2023). This condition is characterised by recurring redness and inflammation of the gingival tissue, without any loss of connective tissue or bone attachment. If left untreated, gingivitis frequently progresses to periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammation of the tissues that support the teeth.

1 Introduction Rectal temperature (RT) is a key indicator of core body temperature in clinical settings and plays an important role in diagnosing and managing pet diseases (Greer et al. 2007; Southward et al. 2006). However, not all cats and dogs tolerate this stressful technique well (Lamb and McBrearty 2013). Additionally, factors such as intestinal air, faeces and clumps can affect RT measurements, often resulting in slightly lower values that lag behind actual temperature changes.