Carmen S. Barbas

Introduction There are several contributors in predicting the outcome of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Historically, multiple articles have demonstrated that the prediction of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure was based on components of the patient’s vital signs, level of consciousness, and degree of acidosis (1–6).

1. Introduction Patients who survive after severe respiratory failure and prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay may experience long-term morbidities related to the critical illness, ICU treatment or the ICU environment (1–3). Apart from the respiratory sequelae of the lung injury itself and mechanical ventilation, ICU survivors are at risk of functional impairment, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may profoundly affect their quality of life (1, 4–6).

Jing Liu, Fang Li, Xiangyang Qi, Xin Zhuang and Zhaomei Cui* Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China Objectives: This review aimed to summarize the recent literature on positive-pressure extubation. Design: A scoping review was conducted under the framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute.