Caroline Barranco

A study finds that oral–gut translocation of collagenase-producing bacteria underpins the well-known association between microbiome perturbations and advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) in humans. Importantly, Jin et al. detected oral microbial dysbiosis even in patients with compensated ACLD, and both oral and faecal dysbiosis worsened with the stage of liver disease, suggesting that oral dysbiosis precedes similar changes in the gut.

Repulsion refers to the phenomenon of highly similar events generating patterns of hippocampal activity that are (counterintuitively) less similar to each other than are those generated by unrelated events. Although observable in human neuroimaging data, repulsion is not explained by standard rodent or human models of hippocampal function, and the factors that lead to its occurrence remain unclear. Wanjia et al.

Considerable evidence suggests that phosphorylation of tau at tyrosine residues plays a part in tau-mediated neurodegeneration. However, the modifications involved in conversion from soluble to insoluble tau remain unclear, in part because tau has five tyrosine residues that can all be phosphorylated. Now, Kim et al.