Cedryck Vaquette

1 Introduction Over the past 100 years, dental implants have evolved from the basket-style endosseous implant, subperiosteal implant, blade implant, and transosteal implant to the well-known contemporary endosseous root-formed osseointegrated implant by Brånemark [1-7] (see Figure 1).

1 Introduction Zinc (Zn) has been integral to the development of alloys, electrochemical devices, semiconductors and the chemical industry since the 18th century, leveraging its distinctive electrochemical and physical properties.[1] As an essential biological trace element, Zn is crucial for the immune system, cell growth, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, and its deficiency can impair immune function and physical development.[2] In the 21st century, Zn has garnered significant...

2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Cell Isolation and Culture Primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells were explanted from redundant tissues collected from a patient undergoing dental surgery according to an established protocol [57,58].