Ch. Wenger

I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved excellent performance in tasks such as machine translation, face recognition, and speech recognition which are now essential applications for big data analysis in cloud computing. To carry out these machine learning tasks, deep neural networks (DNNs) are massively trained in software by using very large datasets.11. Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton, Nature 521, 436–444 (2015).