Chakravarthi Rajkumar

Abstract With an ageing population worldwide, there is a corresponding increase in the prevalence of frailty. It is well established that there is a bi-directional relationship between frailty and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Different models have been developed to assess frailty in clinical practice exploring the physical phenotypes, cumulative deficits, social, vascular and cognitive aspects of frailty.

Introduction White coat hypertension (WCH) describes a blood pressure (BP) phenotype present in untreated individuals with elevated clinic BP, but normal out-of-office values. There has been a growing recognition of this phenomenon since it was first noted over three decades ago, and it now features in both national and international hypertension guidelines.1–4 Despite this, there are considerable gaps in our understanding of WCH.