Chance Powell

1 INTRODUCTION Many animals exhibit seasonal phenotypes in response to predictable changes in their environment (West-Eberhard, 2003), a phenomenon known as adaptive seasonal plasticity. This plasticity allows animals to maintain fitness, despite experiencing a wide range of conditions or encountering conditions not experienced by their parents. By utilizing environmental cues, animals can anticipate future seasonal conditions (Bartness & Wade, 1985; Perret et al., 1998; Wikelski et al., 2000).