Changhyeong Lee

Abstract This paper proposes a proof-of-concept design for a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) using Liquid Crystals (LC) and Corning glass for wireless communication applications. The proposed RIS consists of specially designed copper-coated glass substrates and LC materials sandwiched between the two glass substrates. The LC layer, which is 20 μm thick, is positioned between the upper and lower Corning glass sheets.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1. Introduction In response to challenges such as rising sea levels, abnormal climate patterns, and the acceleration of global warming attributed to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), countries and international organizations are tightening regulations on GHG emissions [1]. With marine shipping accounting for more than 80% of global trade and contributing to approximately 3% of total global GHG emissions, it plays a significant role in this landscape.