Charles Christopher Sorrell

1 INTRODUCTION Piezoelectric materials are used widely in the microelectronics sector, including sensors, actuators, transducers, transformers, capacitors, pass filters, fuel injectors, tunable microwave devices, optical devices, and electrocaloric coolers.1, 2 Although piezoelectricity was discovered for single-crystal α-quartz in 1880, it was followed shortly by tourmaline, topaz, Rochelle salt (KNaC4H4O6·4H2O), and cane sugar.3 While these and other materials exhibited only modest...