Chengbei Li

Abstract This study aims to develop a high-precision predictive model for grinding forces generated by ultrasonic bone scalpels during spinal surgery, to enhance safety by establishing quantitative operational boundaries. Existing predictive models often rely on simplified 2D simulations or theoretical decompositions, which may limit accuracy in capturing the complex three-dimensional kinematics and tool–bone interactions.

Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Prefilled syringes (PFS) and autoinjectors are increasingly used to deliver biologic drug products, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), to improve convenience, compliance, and dosing accuracy. However, these systems face performance and quality challenges such as needle clogging, particularly for high-concentration, viscous, and aggregation-prone formulations.