Cheril Tapia-Rojas

Abstract The hippocampus is crucial to learning and memory, functions that decline with age due to impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and reduced mitophagy, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and increased susceptibility to neurodegeneration. Urolithin A (UA), a natural mitophagy activator derived from polyphenols, has demonstrated benefits in Alzheimer’s disease models; however, its role in normal aging remains unclear.

Background Methionine and cysteine are considered to be the principal sulfur-containing amino acids in proteins, and they play critical roles in cell metabolism. Methionine aids in the breakdown of fats by both preventing their accumulation in the arteries [1], aiding the digestive system and facilitating the elimination of heavy metals from the body, which can be converted into cysteine to prevent toxic damage in the liver.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by aggregates of amyloid-? (A?) and phosphorylated tau protein, synaptic dysfunction, and spatial memory impairment. The Wnt signaling pathway has several key functions in the adult brain and has been associated with AD, mainly as a neuroprotective factor against A? toxicity and tau phosphorylation. However, dysfunction of Wnt/?-catenin signaling might also play a role in the onset and development of the disease.