This article analyzes the configuration of masculinity in José María Arguedas’s Yawar fiesta (1941), understood as a set of practices that structures power relations and sociability in the fictional town of Puquio. Drawing on a close reading of key scenes, it examines the tensions among coercive state masculinity, misti masculinities, and an Indigenous masculinity that is collective, productive, and ritual, even willing to embrace sacrificial violence.