Christian Barthlott

1 INTRODUCTION Forecasting deep moist convection is still one of the key challenges in numerical weather prediction. In particular, the adequate forecast of supercell storms that often produce large hail, strong precipitation, and damaging winds is of great societal and economic relevance. A supercell is a specific type of intense, long-lived thunderstorm that is characterized by a persistently rotating updraught (e.g., Ashley et al., 2023).