INTRODUCTION Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is both an endogenous neurochemical and a synthetic illicit drug [1]. Its exogenous precursor chemicals, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), are often sold as or consumed in place of GHB [2, 3]. The sodium salt of GHB, sodium oxybate, is approved in some countries for the treatment of narcolepsy and in others for the treatment of alcohol use disorder and withdrawal [4, 5].