Christophe Barnes

1 INTRODUCTION When rock experiences stress that surpasses its resistance, it undergoes rupture, a phenomenon that can occur due to a range of factors, including tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, or human-induced activities such as mining, excavation, fluid injection, etc. Upon further loading, fractures coalesce into fault surfaces such that the rock on one side of the fault shifts relative to the other side.

Fluid substitution processes have been investigated in the laboratory on 14 carbonate and siliciclastic reservoir rock analogues through spontaneous imbibition experiments on vertical cylindrical specimens with simultaneous ultrasonic monitoring and imaging. The motivation of our study was to identify the seismic attributes of fluid substitution in reservoir rocks, and to link them to physical processes.