Clinton Njinju Asaba

You are already at the latest version Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can disseminate replication-competent viral genomes complexed with selected host proteins, enabling stealth cell-to-cell transfer within lipid membrane-enclosed bubbles. In addition to complementing free-virion spread, EV-associated genomes can be protected from neutralizing antibodies and persist under conditions in which classical virion production decreases.

Submitted: 11 February 2026 You are already at the latest version Neutrophils are among the early responders of the innate immune system and play a key role in host defense against viral infections. Beyond their classical antimicrobial functions, neutrophils can engage in a specialized defense mechanism by releasing web-like extracellular DNA known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NET).