Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Hum. Neurosci. Sec. Brain-Computer Interfaces Abstract Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) require efficient feature extraction and dimensionality reduction from high-dimensional neural signals. Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstate analysis is a rapid and noise-resistant approach that classifies instantaneous EEG states into several spatial distribution patterns (templates).

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have recently achieved remarkable progress, but these systems usually need large amounts of data to learn well. In contrast, humans can learn effectively even from limited experience. One reason for this efficiency is thought to be the ability to “transfer learning”—that is, to apply knowledge or skills learned in one situation to new and different ones.

Abstract Sense of agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of controlling one’s body and the external environment. The traditional comparator model posits that SoA arises from a match between predicted and actual action outcomes. However, when learning new motor skills, individuals initially lack outcome predictions and gradually develop an internal model of action-outcome mapping through trial-and-error, a process known as motor exploration.