Conlan Ellis

Electric vehicles, batteries, wind turbines and solar panels (PV) are no longer just mechanical assets—they are smart, connected systems. Their performance, safety and resilience depend on tightly integrated hardware and software designed together from the outset. But the same connectivity that delivers efficiency in products, and benefits to consumers, also creates new exposures for governments.

The chassis of Xiaomi's SU7 EV is displayed at Xiaomi Auto's delivery center in Shenzhen, China. The SU7 Pro model contains a 94.3 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery pack supplied by CATL. Credit: Tada Images via Adobe Stock Electric vehicles, batteries, wind turbines and solar panels (PV) are no longer just mechanical assets — they are smart, connected systems. Their performance, safety and resilience depend on tightly integrated hardware and software designed together from the outset.