Daniel El Chami

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1. Introduction Climate change has been the biggest challenge impacting agriculture in the last seven decades due to the greater frequency of extreme events, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing temperatures [,]. The observed direct effects are on food security due to increasing crop variability, limiting crop productivity [,], and its interlinkage with land degradation and desertification.

Open AccessReview by Christine Bilen 1, Daniel El Chami 2, Valentina Mereu 3,*, Antonio Trabucco 3, Serena Marras 3,4 and Donatella Spano 3,4 1 Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy 2 TIMAC AGRO Italia S.p.A., 26010 Ripalta Arpina, CR, Italy 3 Impacts on Agriculture, Forestry and Ecosystem Services (IAFES) Division, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Changes (CMCC), 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy 4 Department of Agricultural Sciences,...