Dattatray G. Bhalekar

1 INTRODUCTION Washington State is the second-largest producer of grapes in the USA, with a total grape production of 302 550 tons in 2024.1 Disease management is critical in vineyard cultivation, accounting for up to 20% of the production cost.2 Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe necator, is one of the major diseases impacting grape production globally.3 Almost all Vitis vinifera cultivars, the primary cultivars used for wine production, are susceptible to E.

Braking system is a crucial component of tractors as it ensures safe operation and control of the vehicle. The limited space availability in the workspace of a small tractor exposes the operator to undesirable posture and a maximum level of vibration during operation. The primary cause of road accidents, particularly collisions, is attributed to the tractor operator's insufficient capacity to provide the necessary pedal power for engaging the brake pedal.

BACKGROUND The hydraulic spray delivery (HSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) emitter configuration has been optimized for agrochemical applications in vertical shoot position (VSP) vineyards. It uses cost-prohibitive emitters, and their placement restricts the mechanical pruning activities. Therefore, this study focused on optimizing the spray performance of a pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based SSCDS variant that addresses the above issues.