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Abstract Ultrafine particles (PM0.1), which are present in the air in large numbers, pose a health risk. They generally enter the body through the lungs but translocate to essentially all organs. Compared to fine particles (PM2.5), they cause more pulmonary inflammation and are retained longer in the lung. Their toxicity is increased with smaller size, larger surface area, adsorbed surface material, and the physical characteristics of the particles.
Air pollution is a grave risk to human health (1). Ambient air pollution is by far the most important environmental risk factor for morbidity and mortality (2), and household air pollution follows closely (3). Air pollution affects nearly every organ in the body, causing or contributing to many illnesses (4, 5). Poor air quality is a challenge facing all people on the planet, with the greatest risk being for those most heavily exposed. Most air pollution is preventable.
Majkowska-Wojciechowska B. Pelka J. Korzon L. et al. Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban children. Allergy. 2007; 62: 1044-1050 Patel M.M. Quinn J.W. Jung K.H. et al. Traffic density and stationary sources of air pollution associated with wheeze, asthma, and immunoglobulin E from birth to age 5 years among New York City children. Environ Res. 2011; 111: 1222-1229 Deng Q. Lu C. Yu Y. Li Y. Sundell J. Norback D.
Conclusions: The health and safety claims regarding electronic nicotine delivery devices should be subject to evidentiary review. The potential benefits of electronic cigarettes to an individual smoker should be weighed against potential harm to the population of increased social acceptability of smoking and use of nicotine, the latter of which has addictive power and untoward effects.
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