Debanjali Chatterjee

1 Introduction The growing demand for electrified transportation, portable electronics, and grid-scale systems necessitates the need for energy storage systems capable of delivering higher energy densities.[1-3] As commercial batteries based on conventional porous anode architectures approach their theoretical energy density limits, metal anode-based rechargeable batteries are emerging as a promising alternative for next-generation energy storage systems.

Electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems have emerged as pivotal technologies supporting the diversification of energy infrastructure across grid storage, transportation and industrial sectors. (1−7) At their core lies a complex interplay of charged species transport and energy flow through dynamic chemical and material environments and electrochemically reactive interfaces.

1 Introduction In the face of mounting energy demands and the pressing need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, solid-state batteries (SSBs) utilizing a lithium (Li) metal anode have emerged as a promising next-generation energy storage system.[1] Li metal is considered to be the holy grail for unlocking high energy densities, owing to its low reduction potential (−3.04 V) and high specific capacity (3860 mAh/g).[2-4] Inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs), in theory, can enable compact...