Uncertainty is rife through Europe’s nitrogen and urea markets as the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) gets closer to enforcement on 1 January 2026. Importers, producers and traders are struggling to decipher the implication of a tax that remains vague, with additional costs expected anywhere from €30-80/t on imports. CBAM reporting begins on 1 January 2026, but the actual financial liability will only be known in 2027, which is a cause of concern for importers.