Highlights • Foxp1 is transiently expressed by apical radial glia (aRG) during early corticogenesis • Foxp1 promotes self-renewing vertical cell divisions and aRG maintenance • Foxp1 gates the time window of deep-layer neurogenesis • FOXP1 is prominently associated with aRG and basal RG expansion in human neocortex Summary The laminar architecture of the mammalian neocortex depends on the orderly generation of distinct neuronal subtypes by apical radial glia (aRG) during embryogenesis.