Detian Yan

Abstract Mass extinctions in the early Palaeozoic have been attributed to global climate change and ocean anoxia with elevated phosphorus (P) proposed as a key driver. However, this hypothesis has lacked geochemical support due to the absence of proxies that can reconstruct changes in marine P availability.

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The source codes and datasets have been uploaded to Zenodo and are freely available at https://zenodo.org/uploads/14505026. We ran the code within a Docker container, which was pre-configured with a comprehensive suite of dependencies and included the model companion, ensuring a seamless and consistent execution environment.

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